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<title>Transuranium element</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Transuranium element</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Transactinide_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Transactinide element">Transactinide element</a>.</div>

<div id="micro-periodic-table-title" style="background:light-dark(#d8d8d8,#373737); color:var(--color-base,#202122) padding:0.15em 0.3em; font-size:90%; line-height:110%; font-weight:bold;">Transuranium elements<br>in the <a href="Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">periodic table</a></div>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Hydrogen</span></a>

</td>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Helium" title="Helium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Helium</span></a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Lithium" title="Lithium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Lithium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Beryllium" title="Beryllium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Beryllium</span></a>

</td>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Boron" title="Boron"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Boron</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Carbon" title="Carbon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Carbon</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Nitrogen</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Oxygen" title="Oxygen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Oxygen</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Fluorine" title="Fluorine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Fluorine</span></a>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Sodium" title="Sodium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Sodium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Magnesium</span></a>

</td>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Aluminium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Silicon" title="Silicon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Silicon</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Phosphorus</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Sulfur" title="Sulfur"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Sulfur</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Chlorine" title="Chlorine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Chlorine</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Argon" title="Argon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Argon</span></a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Potassium" title="Potassium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Potassium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Calcium" title="Calcium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Calcium</span></a>

</td>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Scandium" title="Scandium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Scandium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Titanium" title="Titanium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Titanium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Vanadium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Chromium" title="Chromium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Chromium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Manganese" title="Manganese"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Manganese</span></a>

</td>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Cobalt" title="Cobalt"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Cobalt</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Nickel" title="Nickel"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Nickel</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Copper" title="Copper"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Copper</span></a>

</td>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Gallium" title="Gallium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Gallium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Germanium" title="Germanium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Germanium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Arsenic" title="Arsenic"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Arsenic</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Selenium" title="Selenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Selenium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Bromine" title="Bromine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Bromine</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Krypton" title="Krypton"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Krypton</span></a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Rubidium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Strontium" title="Strontium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Strontium</span></a>

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Yttrium" title="Yttrium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Yttrium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Zirconium" title="Zirconium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Zirconium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Niobium" title="Niobium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Niobium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Molybdenum</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Technetium" title="Technetium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Technetium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Ruthenium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Rhodium" title="Rhodium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Rhodium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Palladium" title="Palladium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Palladium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Silver" title="Silver"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Silver</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Cadmium" title="Cadmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Cadmium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Indium" title="Indium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Indium</span></a>

</td>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Antimony" title="Antimony"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Antimony</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Tellurium" title="Tellurium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Tellurium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Iodine" title="Iodine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Iodine</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Xenon</span></a>

</td></tr>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Caesium" title="Caesium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Caesium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Barium" title="Barium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Barium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Lanthanum</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Cerium" title="Cerium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Cerium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Praseodymium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Neodymium" title="Neodymium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Neodymium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Promethium" title="Promethium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Promethium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Samarium" title="Samarium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Samarium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Europium" title="Europium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Europium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Gadolinium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Terbium" title="Terbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Terbium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Dysprosium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Holmium" title="Holmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Holmium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Erbium" title="Erbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Erbium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Thulium" title="Thulium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Thulium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Ytterbium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Lutetium" title="Lutetium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Lutetium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Hafnium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Tantalum" title="Tantalum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Tantalum</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Tungsten" title="Tungsten"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Tungsten</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Rhenium" title="Rhenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Rhenium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Osmium" title="Osmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Osmium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Iridium" title="Iridium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Iridium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Platinum" title="Platinum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Platinum</span></a>

</td>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Mercury (element)</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Thallium" title="Thallium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Thallium</span></a>

</td>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Bismuth" title="Bismuth"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Bismuth</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Polonium" title="Polonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Polonium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Astatine" title="Astatine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Astatine</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Radon" title="Radon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Radon</span></a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Francium" title="Francium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Francium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Radium" title="Radium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Radium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Actinium" title="Actinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Actinium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Thorium" title="Thorium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Thorium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Protactinium" title="Protactinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Protactinium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Uranium" title="Uranium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Uranium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Neptunium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Plutonium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Americium" title="Americium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Americium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Curium" title="Curium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Curium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Berkelium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Californium" title="Californium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Californium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Einsteinium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Fermium" title="Fermium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Fermium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Mendelevium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Nobelium" title="Nobelium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Nobelium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Lawrencium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Rutherfordium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Dubnium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Seaborgium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Bohrium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Hassium" title="Hassium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Hassium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Meitnerium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Darmstadtium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Roentgenium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Copernicium" title="Copernicium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Copernicium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Nihonium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Flerovium" title="Flerovium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Flerovium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Moscovium" title="Moscovium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Moscovium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Livermorium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Tennessine" title="Tennessine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Tennessine</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Oganesson</span></a>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div></div>

</div>

<p>The <b>transuranium</b> (or <b>transuranic</b>) <b>elements</b> are the <a href="Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">chemical elements</a> with <a href="Atomic_number" title="Atomic number">atomic number</a> greater than 92, which is the atomic number of <a href="Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>. All of them are <a href="Radioactive_decay" title="Radioactive decay">radioactively unstable</a> and decay into other elements. They are <a href="Synthetic_element" title="Synthetic element">synthetic</a> and none occur naturally on Earth, except for <a href="Neptunium" title="Neptunium">neptunium</a> and <a href="Plutonium" title="Plutonium">plutonium</a> which have been found in trace amounts in nature.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div>

<p>Of the elements with atomic numbers 1 to 92, most can be found in nature, having stable <a href="Isotope" title="Isotope">isotopes</a> (such as <a href="Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>) or very long-lived <a href="Radioisotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioisotope">radioisotopes</a> (such as <a href="Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>), or existing as common <a href="Decay_product" title="Decay product">decay products</a> of the decay of uranium and <a href="Thorium" title="Thorium">thorium</a> (such as <a href="Radon" title="Radon">radon</a>). The exceptions are <a href="Technetium" title="Technetium">technetium</a>, <a href="Promethium" title="Promethium">promethium</a>, <a href="Astatine" title="Astatine">astatine</a>, and <a href="Francium" title="Francium">francium</a>; all four occur in nature, but only in very minor branches of the uranium and thorium decay chains, and thus all save francium were first discovered by synthesis in the laboratory rather than in nature.

</p><p>All elements with higher atomic numbers have been first discovered in the laboratory, with <a href="Neptunium" title="Neptunium">neptunium</a> and <a href="Plutonium" title="Plutonium">plutonium</a> later discovered in nature. They are all <a href="Radioactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactive">radioactive</a>, with a <a href="Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> much shorter than the <a href="Age_of_the_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Age of the Earth">age of the Earth</a>, so any primordial (i.e. present at the Earth's formation) atoms of these elements, have long since decayed. Trace amounts of neptunium and plutonium form in some uranium-rich rock, and small amounts are produced during atmospheric tests of <a href="Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a>. These two elements are generated by <a href="Neutron_capture" title="Neutron capture">neutron capture</a> in <a href="Uranium_ore" title="Uranium ore">uranium ore</a> with subsequent <a href="Beta_decay" title="Beta decay">beta decays</a> (e.g. <a href="Uranium-238" title="Uranium-238"><sup>238</sup>U</a> + <a href="Neutron" title="Neutron">n</a> → <a href="Uranium-239" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranium-239"><sup>239</sup>U</a> → <a href="Neptunium-239" class="mw-redirect" title="Neptunium-239"><sup>239</sup>Np</a> → <a href="Plutonium-239" title="Plutonium-239"><sup>239</sup>Pu</a>).

</p><p>All elements beyond plutonium are entirely <a href="Synthetic_element" title="Synthetic element">synthetic</a>; they are created in <a href="Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">nuclear reactors</a> or <a href="Particle_accelerator" title="Particle accelerator">particle accelerators</a>. The half-lives of these elements show a general trend of decreasing as atomic numbers increase. There are exceptions, however, including several isotopes of <a href="Curium" title="Curium">curium</a> and <a href="Dubnium" title="Dubnium">dubnium</a>. Some heavier elements in this series, around atomic numbers 110–114, are thought to break the trend and demonstrate increased nuclear stability, comprising the theoretical <a href="Island_of_stability" title="Island of stability">island of stability</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Transuranic elements are difficult and expensive to produce, and their prices increase rapidly with atomic number. As of 2008, the cost of weapons-grade plutonium was around $4,000/gram,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="Californium" title="Californium">californium</a> exceeded $60,000,000/gram.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Einsteinium</a> is the heaviest element that has been produced in macroscopic quantities.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Transuranic elements that have not been discovered, or have been discovered but are not yet officially named, use <a href="International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">IUPAC</a>'s <a href="Systematic_element_name" title="Systematic element name">systematic element names</a>. The naming of transuranic elements may be a source of <a href="Transfermium_Wars" title="Transfermium Wars">controversy</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discoveries">Discoveries</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Timeline_of_chemical_element_discoveries" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of chemical element discoveries">Timeline of chemical element discoveries</a></div>

<p>So far, essentially all transuranium elements have been discovered at four laboratories: <a href="Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a> (LBNL) in the United States (elements 93–101, 106, and joint credit for 103–105), the <a href="Joint_Institute_for_Nuclear_Research" title="Joint Institute for Nuclear Research">Joint Institute for Nuclear Research</a> (JINR) in Russia (elements 102 and 114–118, and joint credit for 103–105), the <a href="GSI_Helmholtz_Centre_for_Heavy_Ion_Research" title="GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research">GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research</a> in Germany (elements 107–112), and <a href="RIKEN" class="mw-redirect" title="RIKEN">RIKEN</a> in Japan (element 113).

</p>

<ul><li>The Radiation Laboratory (now LBNL) at <a href="University_of_California%2C_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, led principally by <a href="Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a>, <a href="Glenn_Seaborg" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenn Seaborg">Glenn Seaborg</a>, and <a href="Albert_Ghiorso" title="Albert Ghiorso">Albert Ghiorso</a>, during 1945–1974:

<ul><li>93. <a href="Neptunium" title="Neptunium">neptunium</a>, Np, named after the planet <a href="Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a>, as it follows <a href="Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a> and Neptune follows <a href="Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a> in the <a href="Giant_planet" title="Giant planet">planetary sequence</a> (1940).</li>

<li>94. <a href="Plutonium" title="Plutonium">plutonium</a>, Pu, named after <a href="Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following the same naming rule as it follows neptunium and Pluto follows Neptune in the Solar System (1940).</li>

<li>95. <a href="Americium" title="Americium">americium</a>, Am, named because it is an analog to <a href="Europium" title="Europium">europium</a>, and so was named after the continent where it was first produced (1944).</li>

<li>96. <a href="Curium" title="Curium">curium</a>, Cm, named after <a href="Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre</a> and <a href="Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a>, scientists who separated out the first radioactive elements (1944), as its lighter analog <a href="Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">gadolinium</a> was named after <a href="Johan_Gadolin" title="Johan Gadolin">Johan Gadolin</a>.</li>

<li>97. <a href="Berkelium" title="Berkelium">berkelium</a>, Bk, named after <a href="Berkeley%2C_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a>, where the University of California, Berkeley is located (1949).</li>

<li>98. <a href="Californium" title="Californium">californium</a>, Cf, named after <a href="California" title="California">California</a>, where the university is located (1950).</li>

<li>99. <a href="Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">einsteinium</a>, Es, named after <a href="Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> (1952).</li>

<li>100. <a href="Fermium" title="Fermium">fermium</a>, Fm, named after <a href="Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a>, the physicist who produced the first controlled <a href="Chain_reaction" title="Chain reaction">chain reaction</a> (1952).</li>

<li>101. <a href="Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">mendelevium</a>, Md, named after Russian chemist <a href="Dmitri_Mendeleev" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Dmitri Mendeleev</a>, credited for being the primary creator of the <a href="Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">periodic table</a> of the <a href="Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">chemical elements</a> (1955).</li>

<li>102. <a href="Nobelium" title="Nobelium">nobelium</a>, No, named after <a href="Alfred_Nobel" title="Alfred Nobel">Alfred Nobel</a> (1958). The element was originally claimed by a team at the <a href="Nobel_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Institute">Nobel Institute</a> in Sweden (1957) – though it later became apparent that the Swedish team had not discovered the element, the LBNL team decided to adopt their name <i>nobelium</i>. This discovery was also claimed by JINR, which doubted the LBNL claim, and named the element <i>joliotium</i> (Jl) after <a href="Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> (1965). IUPAC concluded that the JINR had been the first to convincingly synthesize the element (1965), but retained the name <i>nobelium</i> as deeply entrenched in the literature.</li>

<li>103. <a href="Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">lawrencium</a>, Lr, named after <a href="Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Ernest Lawrence</a>, a physicist best known for development of the <a href="Cyclotron" title="Cyclotron">cyclotron</a>, and the person for whom <a href="Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a> and LBNL (which hosted the creation of these transuranium elements) are named (1961). This discovery was also claimed by the JINR (1965), which doubted the LBNL claim and proposed the name <i>rutherfordium</i> (Rf) after <a href="Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a>. IUPAC concluded that credit should be shared, retaining the name <i>lawrencium</i> as entrenched in the literature.</li>

<li>104. <a href="Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">rutherfordium</a>, Rf, named after <a href="Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a>, who was responsible for the concept of the <a href="Atomic_nucleus" title="Atomic nucleus">atomic nucleus</a> (1969). This discovery was also claimed by JINR, led principally by <a href="Georgy_Flyorov" title="Georgy Flyorov">Georgy Flyorov</a>: they named the element <i>kurchatovium</i> (Ku), after <a href="Igor_Kurchatov" title="Igor Kurchatov">Igor Kurchatov</a>. IUPAC concluded that credit should be shared, and adopted the LBNL name <i>rutherfordium</i>.</li>

<li>105. <a href="Dubnium" title="Dubnium">dubnium</a>, Db, an element that is named after <a href="Dubna" title="Dubna">Dubna</a>, where JINR is located. Originally named <i>hahnium</i> (Ha) in honor of <a href="Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a> by the Berkeley group (1970). This discovery was also claimed by JINR, which named it <i>nielsbohrium</i> (Ns) after <a href="Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a>. IUPAC concluded that credit should be shared, and renamed the element <i>dubnium</i> to honour the JINR team.</li>

<li>106. <a href="Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">seaborgium</a>, Sg, named after <a href="Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a>. This name caused controversy because Seaborg was still alive, but it eventually became accepted by international chemists (1974). This discovery was also claimed by JINR. IUPAC concluded that the Berkeley team had been the first to convincingly synthesize the element.</li></ul></li>

<li>The Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (Society for Heavy Ion Research) in <a href="Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a>, Hessen, Germany, led principally by <a href="Gottfried_M%C3%BCnzenberg" title="Gottfried Münzenberg">Gottfried Münzenberg</a>, <a href="Peter_Armbruster" title="Peter Armbruster">Peter Armbruster</a>, and <a href="Sigurd_Hofmann" title="Sigurd Hofmann">Sigurd Hofmann</a>, during 1980–2000:

<ul><li>107. <a href="Bohrium" title="Bohrium">bohrium</a>, Bh, named after Danish physicist <a href="Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a>, important in the elucidation of the structure of the <a href="Atom" title="Atom">atom</a> (1981). This discovery was also claimed by JINR. IUPAC concluded that the GSI had been the first to convincingly synthesise the element. The GSI team had originally proposed <i>nielsbohrium</i> (Ns) to resolve the naming dispute on element 105, but this was changed by IUPAC as there was no precedent for using a scientist's first name in an element name.</li>

<li>108. <a href="Hassium" title="Hassium">hassium</a>, Hs, named after the <a href="Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> form of the name of <a href="Hessen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hessen">Hessen</a>, the German <i><a href="States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Bundesland</a></i> where this work was performed (1984). This discovery was also claimed by JINR. IUPAC concluded that the GSI had been the first to convincingly synthesize the element, while acknowledging the pioneering work at JINR.</li>

<li>109. <a href="Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">meitnerium</a>, Mt, named after <a href="Lise_Meitner" title="Lise Meitner">Lise Meitner</a>, an Austrian physicist who was one of the earliest scientists to study <a href="Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">nuclear fission</a> (1982).</li>

<li>110. <a href="Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">darmstadtium</a>, Ds, named after <a href="Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a>, Germany, the city in which this work was performed (1994). This discovery was also claimed by JINR, which proposed the name <i>becquerelium</i> after <a href="Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Henri Becquerel</a>, and by LBNL, which proposed the name <i>hahnium</i> to resolve the dispute on element 105 (despite having protested the reusing of established names for different elements). IUPAC concluded that GSI had been the first to convincingly synthesize the element.</li>

<li>111. <a href="Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">roentgenium</a>, Rg, named after <a href="Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Röntgen">Wilhelm Röntgen</a>, discoverer of X-rays (1994).</li>

<li>112. <a href="Copernicium" title="Copernicium">copernicium</a>, Cn, named after astronomer <a href="Nicolaus_Copernicus" title="Nicolaus Copernicus">Nicolaus Copernicus</a> (1996).</li></ul></li>

<li>RIKEN in <a href="Wak%C5%8D%2C_Saitama" title="Wakō, Saitama">Wakō, Saitama</a>, Japan, led principally by <a href="K%C5%8Dsuke_Morita" title="Kōsuke Morita">Kōsuke Morita</a>:

<ul><li>113. <a href="Nihonium" title="Nihonium">nihonium</a>, Nh, named after <a href="Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> (<i>Nihon</i> in <a href="Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>) where the element was discovered (2004). This discovery was also claimed by JINR. IUPAC concluded that RIKEN had been the first to convincingly synthesize the element.</li></ul></li>

<li>JINR in Dubna, Russia, led principally by <a href="Yuri_Oganessian" title="Yuri Oganessian">Yuri Oganessian</a>, in collaboration with several other labs including <a href="Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a> (LLNL), since 2000:

<ul><li>114. <a href="Flerovium" title="Flerovium">flerovium</a>, Fl, named after Soviet physicist <a href="Georgy_Flyorov" title="Georgy Flyorov">Georgy Flyorov</a>, founder of JINR (1999).</li>

<li>115. <a href="Moscovium" title="Moscovium">moscovium</a>, Mc, named after <a href="Moscow_Oblast" title="Moscow Oblast">Moscow Oblast</a>, where the element was discovered (2004).</li>

<li>116. <a href="Livermorium" title="Livermorium">livermorium</a>, Lv, named after Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, a collaborator with JINR in the discovery (2000).</li>

<li>117. <a href="Tennessine" title="Tennessine">tennessine</a>, Ts, after <a href="Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, where the berkelium target needed for the synthesis of the element was manufactured (2010).</li>

<li>118. <a href="Oganesson" title="Oganesson">oganesson</a>, Og, after <a href="Yuri_Oganessian" title="Yuri Oganessian">Yuri Oganessian</a>, who led the JINR team in its discovery of elements 114 to 118 (2002).</li></ul></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Superheavy_elements">Superheavy elements</h2></div>

<div id="micro-periodic-table-title" style="background:light-dark(#d8d8d8,#373737); color:var(--color-base,#202122) padding:0.15em 0.3em; font-size:90%; line-height:110%; font-weight:bold;">Superheavy elements<br>in the <a href="Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">periodic table</a></div>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Hydrogen</span></a>

</td>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Helium" title="Helium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Helium</span></a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Lithium" title="Lithium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Lithium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Beryllium" title="Beryllium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Beryllium</span></a>

</td>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Boron" title="Boron"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Boron</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Carbon" title="Carbon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Carbon</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Nitrogen</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Oxygen" title="Oxygen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Oxygen</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Fluorine" title="Fluorine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Fluorine</span></a>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Sodium" title="Sodium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Sodium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Magnesium</span></a>

</td>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Aluminium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Silicon" title="Silicon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Silicon</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Phosphorus</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Sulfur" title="Sulfur"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Sulfur</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Chlorine" title="Chlorine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Chlorine</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Argon" title="Argon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Argon</span></a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Potassium" title="Potassium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Potassium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Calcium" title="Calcium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Calcium</span></a>

</td>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Scandium" title="Scandium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Scandium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Titanium" title="Titanium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Titanium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Vanadium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Chromium" title="Chromium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Chromium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Manganese" title="Manganese"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Manganese</span></a>

</td>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Cobalt" title="Cobalt"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Cobalt</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Nickel" title="Nickel"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Nickel</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Copper" title="Copper"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Copper</span></a>

</td>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Gallium" title="Gallium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Gallium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Germanium" title="Germanium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Germanium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Arsenic" title="Arsenic"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Arsenic</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Selenium" title="Selenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Selenium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Bromine" title="Bromine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Bromine</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Krypton" title="Krypton"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Krypton</span></a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Rubidium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Strontium" title="Strontium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Strontium</span></a>

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Yttrium" title="Yttrium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Yttrium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Zirconium" title="Zirconium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Zirconium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Niobium" title="Niobium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Niobium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Molybdenum</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Technetium" title="Technetium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Technetium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Ruthenium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Rhodium" title="Rhodium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Rhodium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Palladium" title="Palladium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Palladium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Silver" title="Silver"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Silver</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Cadmium" title="Cadmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Cadmium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Indium" title="Indium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Indium</span></a>

</td>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Antimony" title="Antimony"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Antimony</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Tellurium" title="Tellurium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Tellurium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Iodine" title="Iodine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Iodine</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Xenon</span></a>

</td></tr>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Caesium" title="Caesium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Caesium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Barium" title="Barium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Barium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Lanthanum</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Cerium" title="Cerium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Cerium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Praseodymium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Neodymium" title="Neodymium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Neodymium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Promethium" title="Promethium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Promethium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Samarium" title="Samarium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Samarium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Europium" title="Europium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Europium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Gadolinium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Terbium" title="Terbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Terbium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Dysprosium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Holmium" title="Holmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Holmium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Erbium" title="Erbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Erbium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Thulium" title="Thulium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Thulium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Ytterbium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Lutetium" title="Lutetium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Lutetium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Hafnium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Tantalum" title="Tantalum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Tantalum</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Tungsten" title="Tungsten"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Tungsten</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Rhenium" title="Rhenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Rhenium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Osmium" title="Osmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Osmium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Iridium" title="Iridium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Iridium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Platinum" title="Platinum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Platinum</span></a>

</td>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Mercury (element)</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Thallium" title="Thallium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Thallium</span></a>

</td>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Bismuth" title="Bismuth"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Bismuth</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Polonium" title="Polonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Polonium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Astatine" title="Astatine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Astatine</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Radon" title="Radon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Radon</span></a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Francium" title="Francium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Francium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Radium" title="Radium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Radium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Actinium" title="Actinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Actinium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Thorium" title="Thorium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Thorium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Protactinium" title="Protactinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Protactinium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Uranium" title="Uranium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Uranium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Neptunium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Plutonium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Americium" title="Americium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Americium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Curium" title="Curium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Curium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Berkelium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Californium" title="Californium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Californium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Einsteinium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Fermium" title="Fermium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Fermium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Mendelevium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Nobelium" title="Nobelium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Nobelium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Lawrencium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Rutherfordium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Dubnium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Seaborgium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Bohrium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Hassium" title="Hassium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Hassium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Meitnerium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Darmstadtium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Roentgenium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Copernicium" title="Copernicium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Copernicium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Nihonium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Flerovium" title="Flerovium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Flerovium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Moscovium" title="Moscovium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Moscovium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Livermorium</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Tennessine" title="Tennessine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Tennessine</span></a>

</td>

<td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Oganesson</span></a>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div></div>

</div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Superheavy_element" title="Superheavy element">Superheavy element</a></div>

<p><b>Superheavy elements</b>, (also known as <i>superheavies</i>, or <i>superheavy atoms</i>, commonly abbreviated <b>SHE</b>) usually refer to the transactinide elements beginning with <a href="Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">rutherfordium</a> (atomic number 104). (Lawrencium, the first 6d element, is sometimes but not always included as well.) They have only been made artificially and currently serve no practical purpose because their short half-lives cause them to decay after a very short time, ranging from a few hours to just milliseconds, which also makes them extremely hard to study.<sup id="cite_ref-She_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-She-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Green_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Green-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Superheavies have all been created since the latter half of the 20th century and are continually being created during the 21st century as technology advances. They are created through the bombardment of elements in a particle accelerator, in quantities on the atomic scale, and no method of mass creation has been found.<sup id="cite_ref-She_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-She-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2></div>

<p>Transuranic elements may be used to synthesize superheavy elements.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elements of the island of stability have potentially important military applications, including the development of compact nuclear weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The potential everyday applications are vast; <a href="Americium" title="Americium">americium</a> is used in devices such as <a href="Smoke_detectors" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoke detectors">smoke detectors</a> and <a href="Spectrometers" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectrometers">spectrometers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Bose%E2%80%93Einstein_condensate" title="Bose–Einstein condensate">Bose–Einstein condensate</a> (also known as <i>superatom</i>)</li>

<li><a href="Minor_actinide" title="Minor actinide">Minor actinide</a></li>

<li><a href="Deep_geological_repository" title="Deep geological repository">Deep geological repository</a>, a place to deposit transuranic waste</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pluto was a planet at the time of naming, but has since been reclassified as a <a href="Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">dwarf planet</a>.</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFConsidine2002" class="citation book cs1">Considine, Glenn, ed. (2002). <i>Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia</i> (9th ed.). New York: Wiley Interscience. p. 738. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-471-33230-5</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMorel2008" class="citation web cs1">Morel, Andrew (2008). Elert, Glenn (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hypertextbook.com/facts/2008/AndrewMorel.shtml">"Price of Plutonium"</a>. The Physics Factbook. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020094114/https://hypertextbook.com/facts/2008/AndrewMorel.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2018.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMartinKos2001" class="citation report cs1">Martin, Rodger C.; Kos, Steve E. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ApplicationsAndAvailabilityOfCalifornium252NeutronSourcesForWasteCharacterization">Applications and Availability of Californium-252 Neutron Sources for Waste Characterization</a> (Report). <a href="CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.499.1273">10.1.1.499.1273</a></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHaire2006" class="citation book cs1">Silva, Robert J. (2006). "Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium and Lawrencium". In Morss, Lester R.; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). <i>The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements</i> (Third ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: <a href="Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer Science+Business Media</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4020-3555-5</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-She-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-She_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-She_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHeenenNazarewicz2002" class="citation journal cs1">Heenen, Paul-Henri; <a href="Witold_Nazarewicz" title="Witold Nazarewicz">Nazarewicz, Witold</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europhysicsnews.org/articles/epn/pdf/2002/01/epn02102.pdf">"Quest for superheavy nuclei"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Europhysics News</i>. <b>33</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">5–</span>9. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002ENews..33....5H">2002ENews..33....5H</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2Fepn%3A2002102">10.1051/epn:2002102</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180720100024/https://www.europhysicsnews.org/articles/epn/pdf/2002/01/epn02102.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 July 2018.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Green-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Green_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGreenwood1997" class="citation journal cs1">Greenwood, Norman N. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/1997/pdf/6901x0179.pdf">"Recent developments concerning the discovery of elements 100–111"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="Pure and Applied Chemistry">Pure and Applied Chemistry</a></i>. <b>69</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">179–</span>184. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac199769010179">10.1351/pac199769010179</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:98322292">98322292</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180721170653/https://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/1997/pdf/6901x0179.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 21 July 2018.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLougheedLandrum,_J._H.Hulet,_E._K.Wild,_J._F.1985" class="citation journal cs1">Lougheed, R. W.; et al. (1985). "Search for superheavy elements using <sup>48</sup>Ca + <sup>254</sup>Es<sup>g</sup> reaction". <i><a href="Physical_Review_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical Review C">Physical Review C</a></i>. <b>32</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">1760–</span>1763. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985PhRvC..32.1760L">1985PhRvC..32.1760L</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevC.32.1760">10.1103/PhysRevC.32.1760</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9953034">9953034</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGsponerHurni1997" class="citation book cs1">Gsponer, André; Hurni, Jean-Pierre (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cryptome.org/2014/06/wmd-4th-gen-quest.pdf"><i>The Physical Principles of Thermonuclear Explosives, Intertial Confinement Fusion, and the Quest for Fourth Generation Nuclear Weapons</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. International Network of Engineers and Scientists Against Proliferation. pp. <span class="nowrap">110–</span>115. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-933071-02-6</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180606134706/https://cryptome.org/2014/06/wmd-4th-gen-quest.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 6 June 2018.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20020911070229/http%3A//www%2Euic%2Ecom%2Eau/nip35%2Ehtm">"Smoke Detectors and Americium"</a>, <i>Nuclear Issues Briefing Paper</i>, vol. 35, May 2002, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uic.com.au/nip35.htm">the original</a> on 11 September 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-26</span></span></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/indx_dec.jsp">Nuclear Data Viewer 2.4</a>, NNDC</span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>Eric Scerri, A Very Short Introduction to the Periodic Table, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2011.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scitopics.com/The_Superheavy_Elements.html">The Superheavy Elements</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alsos.wlu.edu/qsearch.aspx?browse=science/Transuranium+Elements">Annotated bibliography for the transuranic elements</a> from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070503140615/http://web.fccj.org/~ethall/uranium/uranium.htm">Transuranium elements</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transfermium.net/">Super Heavy Elements network official website</a> (network of the European integrated infrastructure initiative EURONS)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.acs.org/cen/80th/darmstadtium.html">Darmstadtium and beyond</a></li>

<li>Christian Schnier, Joachim Feuerborn, Bong-Jun Lee: Traces of transuranium elements in terrestrial minerals? (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211005201142/ftp://ftp.hzg.de/pub/schnier/1-Transuranium%20.pdf">Online</a>, PDF-Datei, 493 kB)</li>

<li>Christian Schnier, Joachim Feuerborn, Bong-Jun Lee: The search for super heavy elements (SHE) in terrestrial minerals using XRF with high energy synchrotron radiation. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211005201119/ftp://ftp.hzg.de/pub/schnier/2-SHE.pdf">Online</a>, PDF-Datei, 446 kB)</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Periodic_table421" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">Periodic table</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">Periodic table forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Types_of_periodic_tables" title="Types of periodic tables">Alternatives</a></li>

<li><a href="Extended_periodic_table" title="Extended periodic table">Extended periodic table</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;"><a href="Names_for_sets_of_chemical_elements" title="Names for sets of chemical elements">Sets of elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">By periodic table structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Group_(periodic_table)" title="Group (periodic table)">Groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>1 (<a href="Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">Hydrogen</a> and <a href="Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">alkali metals</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">2 (Alkaline earth metals)</a></li>

<li><a href="Boron_group" title="Boron group">13 (Triels)</a></li>

<li><a href="Carbon_group" title="Carbon group">14 (Tetrels)</a></li>

<li><a href="Pnictogen" title="Pnictogen">15 (Pnictogens)</a></li>

<li><a href="Chalcogen" title="Chalcogen">16 (Chalcogens)</a></li>

<li><a href="Halogen" title="Halogen">17 (Halogens)</a></li>

<li><a href="Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">18 (Noble gases)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Period_(periodic_table)" title="Period (periodic table)">Periods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Extended_periodic_table#Aufbau_model" title="Extended periodic table">Aufbau</a></li>

<li><a href="Extended_periodic_table#Fricke" title="Extended periodic table">Fricke</a></li>

<li><a href="Extended_periodic_table#Pyykkö" title="Extended periodic table">Pyykkö</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Block_(periodic_table)" title="Block (periodic table)">Blocks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aufbau_principle" title="Aufbau principle">Aufbau principle</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">By <a href="Properties_of_metals%2C_metalloids_and_nonmetals" title="Properties of metals, metalloids and nonmetals">metallicity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Metal" title="Metal">Metals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">Lanthanides</a></li>

<li><a href="Actinide" title="Actinide">Actinides</a></li>

<li><a href="Transition_metal" title="Transition metal">Transition metals</a></li>

<li><a href="Post-transition_metal" title="Post-transition metal">Post-transition metals</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Metalloid" title="Metalloid">Metalloids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Lists_of_metalloids" title="Lists of metalloids">Lists of metalloids by source</a></li>

<li><a href="Dividing_line_between_metals_and_nonmetals" title="Dividing line between metals and nonmetals">Dividing line</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Nonmetal" title="Nonmetal">Nonmetals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">Noble gases</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">Other sets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Platinum_group" title="Platinum group">Platinum-group metals (PGM)</a></li>

<li><a href="Rare-earth_element" title="Rare-earth element">Rare-earth elements</a></li>

<li><a href="Refractory_metals" title="Refractory metals">Refractory metals</a></li>

<li><a href="Precious_metal" title="Precious metal">Precious metals</a></li>

<li><a href="Coinage_metals" title="Coinage metals">Coinage metals</a></li>

<li><a href="Noble_metal" title="Noble metal">Noble metals</a></li>

<li><a href="Heavy_metal_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy metal element">Heavy metals</a></li>

<li><a href="Native_metal" title="Native metal">Native metals</a></li>

<li><a href="Superheavy_element" title="Superheavy element">Superheavy elements</a></li>

<li><a href="Major_actinide" title="Major actinide">Major actinides</a></li>

<li><a href="Minor_actinide" title="Minor actinide">Minor actinides</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;"><a href="Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">Elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;"><a href="List_of_chemical_elements" title="List of chemical elements">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>By: <a href="Abundance_of_the_chemical_elements" title="Abundance of the chemical elements">Abundance</a> (<a href="Composition_of_the_human_body" title="Composition of the human body">in humans</a>)</li>

<li><a href="List_of_elements_by_atomic_properties" title="List of elements by atomic properties">Atomic properties</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_elements_by_stability_of_isotopes" title="List of elements by stability of isotopes">Nuclear stability</a></li>

<li><a href="Chemical_symbol" title="Chemical symbol">Symbol</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;"><a href="Chemical_element#Properties" title="Chemical element">Properties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_aqueous_ions_by_element" title="List of aqueous ions by element">Aqueous chemistry</a></li>

<li><a href="Periodic_table_(crystal_structure)" title="Periodic table (crystal structure)">Crystal structure</a></li>

<li><a href="Periodic_table_(electron_configurations)" title="Periodic table (electron configurations)">Electron configuration</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronegativity" title="Electronegativity">Electronegativity</a></li>

<li><a href="Goldschmidt_classification" title="Goldschmidt classification">Goldschmidt classification</a></li>

<li><a href="Term_symbol" title="Term symbol">Term symbol</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;">Data pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abundances_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Abundances of the elements (data page)">Abundance</a></li>

<li><a href="Atomic_radii_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Atomic radii of the elements (data page)">Atomic radius</a></li>

<li><a href="Boiling_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Boiling points of the elements (data page)">Boiling point</a></li>

<li><a href="Critical_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Critical points of the elements (data page)">Critical point</a></li>

<li><a href="Densities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Densities of the elements (data page)">Density</a></li>

<li><a href="Elastic_properties_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Elastic properties of the elements (data page)">Elasticity</a></li>

<li><a href="Electrical_resistivities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Electrical resistivities of the elements (data page)">Electrical resistivity</a></li>

<li><a href="Electron_affinity_(data_page)" title="Electron affinity (data page)">Electron affinity</a></li>

<li><a href="Electron_configurations_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Electron configurations of the elements (data page)">Electron configuration</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronegativities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Electronegativities of the elements (data page)">Electronegativity</a></li>

<li><a href="Hardnesses_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Hardnesses of the elements (data page)">Hardness</a></li>

<li><a href="Heat_capacities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Heat capacities of the elements (data page)">Heat capacity</a></li>

<li><a href="Heats_of_fusion_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Heats of fusion of the elements (data page)">Heat of fusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Heats_of_vaporization_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Heats of vaporization of the elements (data page)">Heat of vaporization</a></li>

<li><a href="Ionization_energies_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Ionization energies of the elements (data page)">Ionization energy</a></li>

<li><a href="Melting_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Melting points of the elements (data page)">Melting point</a></li>

<li><a href="Oxidation_state" title="Oxidation state">Oxidation state</a></li>

<li><a href="Speeds_of_sound_of_the_elements" title="Speeds of sound of the elements">Speed of sound</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermal_conductivities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Thermal conductivities of the elements (data page)">Thermal conductivity</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermal_expansivities_of_the_elements" title="Thermal expansivities of the elements">Thermal expansion coefficient</a></li>

<li><a href="Vapor_pressures_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Vapor pressures of the elements (data page)">Vapor pressure</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;"><a href="History_of_the_periodic_table" title="History of the periodic table">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Discovery_of_chemical_elements" title="Discovery of chemical elements">Element discoveries</a>

<ul><li><a href="Dmitri_Mendeleev" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Dmitri Mendeleev</a></li>

<li><a href="Dmitri_Mendeleev#Periodic_table" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">1871 table</a></li>

<li><a href="Mendeleev's_predicted_elements" title="Mendeleev's predicted elements">1869 predictions</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Naming_of_chemical_elements" title="Naming of chemical elements">Naming</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_chemical_element_name_etymologies" title="List of chemical element name etymologies">etymology</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_chemical_element_naming_controversies" title="List of chemical element naming controversies">controversies</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_chemical_elements_named_after_places" title="List of chemical elements named after places">for places</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_chemical_elements_named_after_people" title="List of chemical elements named after people">for people</a></li>

<li><a href="Chemical_elements_in_East_Asian_languages" title="Chemical elements in East Asian languages">in East Asian languages</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">IUPAC</a>

<ul><li><a href="Chemical_nomenclature" title="Chemical nomenclature">nomenclature</a></li>

<li><a href="Systematic_element_name" title="Systematic element name">systematic element name</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Trivial_name" title="Trivial name">Trivial name</a></li>

<li><a href="Dmitri_Mendeleev" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Dmitri Mendeleev</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</b></li>

<li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"></span></span> WikiProject</b></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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